Software and Terminology

There are lots of products related to Docker but the only ones you need for getting started are

Docker Engine, which you can download from https://www.docker.com/products/container-runtime.
Docker-Compose is also useful for easy deployment of multiple containers at once. You can get it from https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/.

Term	Description
Images	All docker containers start with a base image. These are the smallest possible package of code and dependencies that you can start to build your code on. You can either build your own image or download a pre-built one from container registries such as Docker Hub.
Dockerfiles	Dockerfiles are the way in which you set out the instructions for building a new image, either from scratch, or more likely based on an existing image.
Docker Hub	Docker Hub is a container registry, or an online repository of container images that you can upload your image to, or download other images for use in your own applications. Often images on Docker Hub are tagged with a version, so for instance you can download an image for PostgreSQL 9.5 or one for PostgreSQL 12 (and so on) Docker Hub uses the same push/pull terminology that version control repositories such as GitHub use.
Containers	Containers are a set of running processes that sit on top of a private isolated filesystem provided by an image. It's important to note that any changes made during run-time on top of the image are ephemeral, so if you stop the container from running they will disappear. This includes all application data.
Storage	Storage that persists beyond the restart of a container is provided by Volumes and Bind Mounts. They are generally stored on the host computer. More on these later!
Host	The computer (could be your laptop), server or instance that the containers are running on

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